A baby has been born using DNA from three people for the first time in the UK.

Most of the infant’s DNA comes from their two parents, but around 0.1% has come from a female donor.

The aim of the pioneering technique is to prevent children being born with devastating mitochondrial diseases.

Mitochondria are the ‘batteries’ of each individual human cell, powering chemical reactions for the cells to carry out their functions. They float within the cell but outside of the nucleus, which contains the DNA that controls all other traits, such as appearance.

This means the baby does not technically have three parents, and the donor has no legal rights to the child.

When mitochondria fail, they lead to illnesses that can be very serious – and often fatal.

In children, symptoms can include poor growth, poor muscle tone, weakness, failure to thrive, spasms and a slow-down in progress or a slow deterioration.

Some families have lost several children to inherited mitochondrial diseases and the new technique, mitochondrial donation treatment which is a modified form of IVF, is seen as their only chance of having a healthy child.

The latest findings were first reported by the Guardian following a freedom of information request.

Britain became the first country in the world to formally allow mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) when the HFEA gave a cautious green light to the procedure in 2017.

In 2018, fertility doctors at the Newcastle Fertility Centre at Life were given permission by HFEA to give two women the treatment.

Peter Thompson, chief executive of the HFEA, said: ‘Mitochondrial donation treatment offers families with severe inherited mitochondrial illness the possibility of a healthy child.

‘The UK was the first country in the world to allow mitochondrial donation treatment within a regulatory environment. The HFEA oversees a robust framework which ensures that mitochondrial donation is provided in a safe and ethical manner.

‘All applications for treatment are assessed on an individual basis against the tests set out in the law and only after independent advice from experts.

‘These are still early days for mitochondrial donation treatment and the HFEA continues to review clinical and scientific developments.”

Sarah Norcross, director of the Progress Education Trust, said UK laws relating to the treatment were ‘passed only after many years of careful research, assessment and deliberation’.

‘Even then, it was decided that use of this technology would be permitted by the regulator only on a case-by-case basis,’ she added.

‘This measured approach was and is appropriate, given the relative novelty of this technology.

‘News that a small number of babies with donated mitochondria have now been born in the UK is the next step in what will probably remain a slow and cautious process of assessing and refining mitochondrial donation.’

The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) said ‘less than five’ babies have been born this way, but no further details have been released, to protect their identity.

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